Models+comparison+article

= Instructional Design Models and Instructional Strategies = As teachers, we should know about the differences between the instruction design model and the learning theory. Instruction design models work to determine and structure teaching strategies, methods, skills, and student activates in certain instruction. Many instructional design models rely on ADDIE models as the main components. While instruction strategies determine the ways that teachers consider in their teaching strategies to reach the learning goals. Smith (1998) stated that an instruction design model is “the study of how to best design instruction so that learning will take place”, and the learning strategies are “the study of how people learn” (Yvonne Nash, (2009) Instructional Systems Design & Development, p.1). =**The whole article can be found in this file: **=

PPT of this article:



 * Dick and Carey Design Model **



= **Morrison, Ross and Kemp model ** =



= **Comparison Between Dick and Carey Model and Kemp model ** =

||  The Kemp model ||
 * ADDIE ||  The Dick and Carey model
 * A || - Identify instructional goals after assess needs.

- Conduct Instructional Analysis.

- Analyze learners and contexts. || - Identify instructional problems, and specify goals for designing an instructional program. - Examine learner characteristics that should receive attention during planning. - Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to stated goals and purposes. ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">D || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Write performance objectives

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Design and conduct formative evaluation of instruction || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- State instructional objectives for the learner. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical learning. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Design instructional strategies so that each learner can master the objectives. || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Develop instructional strategy <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Develop and select instructional materials || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Develop evaluation instruments to assess objectives. ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">D || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Develop assessment instruments
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">I || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Revise instruction || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Plan the instructional message and delivery. ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">E || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Select resources to support instruction and learning activities. || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Design and conduct summative and formative evaluation ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The applied of ADDIE || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- The stages are clear according to ADDIE || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- The stages are not as clear as to appear in ADDIE ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Accomplish of solving problem || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">8 out of 10 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">7 out of 10 ||

=**<span style="color: #5800ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Instructional strategies: Problem-Based Learning and Discovery Learning **= <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">It focuses on student's ability to think critically. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Teachers check for understanding. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Summative and formative assessment || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2- Create and discover new ideas. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3- Involve critical thinking and problem solving skills. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4- <span style="color: #242424; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Promotes motivation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5- <span style="color: #242424; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Encourages active engagement. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1- Involve critical thinking <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2- Active and cooperative class. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3- Problem-solve effectively || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- The role of the students <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> is to be active, engaged and carious. – Both of them organized and clear. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Both are <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">based on the constructivist methods of teaching and learning. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- ** Both of them are student-centered **
 * || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">Discovery learning || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">Problem-Based Learning ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Image || [[image:discovery_learning.jpg width="225" height="180"]] || [[image:PBL.jpg]] ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Definition || ** According to Jerome Bruner, "Discovery Learning is an approach to instruction through which students interact with their environment--by exploring and manipulating objects, wrestling with questions and controversies, or performing experiments." ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">According to ** Evan Glazer, ” Problem-Based Learning is an effort to challenge students to address real-world problems and resolve realistic dilemmas. Such problems create opportunities for meaningful activities that engage students in problem solving and higher-ordered thinking in authentic settings.“ ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Relative Student- Centeredness || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Fully student-centered. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Student- centered ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Assessment || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Summative Assessment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">21st Century Fluencies || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1- Develop students' skills as learners.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Ease of use || <span style="color: #242424; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">It is easy to apply this method in any classroom. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">With good training and better understanding it will be easy to apply this method in any class sitting. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Differences || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- It <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">gives students a specific problem and allows them to solve it in any way they would like || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- It gives students a topic and is open ended for students to discover and explore the topic in any way they choose to. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Similarities |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- The role of the teacher is working as <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">facilitator, advisor and <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">guider.
 * - They require student collaboration. ** ||